Als je nu wordt afgewezen omdat je aan de DV loterij mee hebt gedaan heb je mooi iets zwart op wit staan waarmee je het kunt aanvechten; het staat immers letterlijk in het vonnis.
Als ik heel eerlijk ben verbaast het vonnis me helemaal niet, hoe vervelend het ook is voor de betrokkenen.
Een belangrijk en zwaarwegend onderdeel van het vonnis is m.i. dit:
It is true, as plaintiffs point out, that the Supreme Court has “insist[ed] that an agency examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for its action.” F.C.C. v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 129 S. Ct. 1800, 1810 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted), quoting Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Assn. of United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983). But in making such a determination, “considerable weight” is generally accorded to “an executive department’s construction of a statutory scheme it is entrusted to administer[.]” Chevron, 467 U.S. at 844. Indeed, “under Chevron, courts are bound to uphold an agency interpretation as long as it is reasonable – regardless of whether there may be other reasonable or, even more reasonable, views.” Serano, 158 F.3d at 1321. And the Court must defer to an agency’s reading of its own regulations unless it is “plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.”
En dat is dan ook precies wat hier is gebeurd: de interpretatie was dat de trekking niet "random" was volgens hun eigen uitleg, en volgens Chevron moet die uitleg worden gerespecteerd, ook al zouden er andere - wellicht zelfs meer redelijke - uitleggen mogelijk zijn. Die van de agency telt, zo ook hier.
Alles draait om punt 1 in de Analysis, die dieper in gaat op de uitleg van de 'statutes', en de invulling van het mandaat voor die 'statutes' daar waar die ruimte is gelaten. De eisers hebben zich slechts gericht op één deel ervan:
But plaintiffs read the regulation quite selectively, and they focus on only one sentence instead of the three that describe what is supposed to take place.
Upon completion of the numbering of all petitions, all numbers assigned for each region will be separately rank-ordered at random by a computer using standard computer software for that purpose.12 22 C.F.R. § 42.33(d).
It is only after that step takes place that the regulations permit the selection to proceed. The regulations provide: “The Department will then select in the rank orders determined by the computer program a quantity of petitions for each region.” Id. § 42.33(c) (emphasis added). But that did not happen. The computer program simply selected the names in the same order in which they had originally been numbered. Amin Decl. ¶ 7; Amin Supp. Decl. ¶ 11. This was a blunder of enormous proportions, with worldwide repercussions, and it caused grief, frustration, disappointment, and anger around the globe, but the Court cannot ignore what took place.Under those circumstances, the Court cannot find that the May lottery was conducted in compliance with the law.
En daar heb je 't: de trekking was niet "conducted in compliance with the law." - meer is er eigenlijk niet nodig. Leuk, overigens: "This was a blunder of enormous proportions"
Daarbij komt dan nog eens dat de eis om e.e.a. recht te zetten niet nodig was omdat het redelijk en niet willekeurig was van de Department of State om opnieuw te beginnen aangezien er al was vastgesteld dat de trekking niet "in compliance with the law" was:
The Court has already determined that the first lottery was not conducted in accordance with law because that it failed to satisfy the most important element of the statute: randomness. Upon discovering this information, it was certainly reasonable and not arbitrary for the State Department to start over.
Daarbij:
This Court can hardly conclude that the Department’s decision to act in a way that would be equally fair to every applicant is arbitrary and capricious
Hadden de 22,000 alsnog door mogen gaan dan was dat ergens ook onredelijk geweest tegenover alle andere deelnemers, want nu profiteerden die 22,000 van een fout:
In determining the most appropriate remedy for the flawed lottery, the State Department was bound to balance the interests of the 22,000 individuals who were aware of the lottery results and the 19 million other disappointed entrants, who may have equally compelling reasons for wanting to immigrate to the United States. Tr. at 39. Counsel pointed out that in many of the countries served by the diversity visa lottery, a computer is not easy to come by and internet service is not widely available. Thus, the Department had assured applicants around the world that it would not favor those who were able to submit their entries first, and it took that fact into consideration in deciding what to do.
Hoewel het wellicht niet zo voelt voor de 22,000 die "gewonnen" hadden, het is goed beschouwd wel een terechte beslissing. In theorie zou het toekennen voor de 22,000 ook weer een opening betekenen voor de overige 1,878,000 om een zaak aan te spannen vanwege de ongelijke behandeling - en zo kun je door blijven gaan.
Ook hier weer een verwijzing naar het vasthouden aan de uitleg (en handelingen) van de 'agency' aangezien ze als redelijk worden beschouwd, ook al waren er wellicht andere opties geweest:
Although there may have been different policy choices the Department could have made, its decision is reasonable and certainly conforms to “certain minimal standards of rationality.” The Court cannot and will not second-guess a reasonable policy decision made by the Department after balancing the competing interests of all
of the stakeholders. Thus, the Court finds that the State Department’s actions were not arbitrary or capricious or outside the scope of its authority under the APA.
Ik heb nooit echt verwacht dat men de 22,000 alsnog zou toelaten - het zou natuurlijk geweldig zijn geweest, maar goed - en ik denk dat dit stukje uit het vonnis het perfect verwoord:
The Court is sympathetic to the plaintiffs’ plight. While it does not doubt that the emotional impact of the Department’s reversal has been painful and real, and that many of the plaintiffs have compelling reasons to seek to immigrate to the United States, it must take note of the fact that all of the others who submitted timely petitions during the thirty day period also “played by the rules . . . seeking only to pursue their own American dreams.” There are 19 million more stories, from other lottery participants, many of which may be equally or even more compelling, and it is for that reason that Congress determined that every applicant would have an equal chance of winning the right to apply for the visa. The Court cannot order the Department of State to honor a botched process that did not satisfy that regulatory and statutory requirements. Moreover, the Court does not find that it was arbitrary or capricious for the Department to decide to rescind a lottery that did not meet the single most important criterion for a drawing: a random selection.
Nogmaals, bijzonder vervelend voor allen die hierdoor zijn getroffen, maar ik kan persoonlijk niet anders concluderen dat dit een goed onderbouwd en terecht vonnis is.